Internet and Suicide Essay

Millions of people in the developed countries have access to internet. This due to the high advancements in technological levels. High literacy levels have also contributed to the usage of internet coupled with growing needs and desire to get information. Internet is rising as America‘s most important source of information. (Alao, 1999) The increased affordability of personal computing in recent years has put computers in many homes across the nation. This availability has also driven the cost of internet access down so that many households can afford to subscribe to internet services at very low costs. This along with the vast amount of quality information available on the internet has led to increased internet usage. The internet has become handy and useful to find right information at one’s fingertips literally on anything from math formulas to the best way to kill oneself. (Baume, 1997) Suicide and Internet- Amount of information and How it Can Be Accessed The internet has become the invisible version of the real world where good and bad coexist. It is a small world except less strong regulations to hinder the detrimental effect of bad resources like those websites that provides encouragement for suicidal methods, and unprofessional advices on suicide. (Shaffer, 2000) It is amazing how easily one can access to more than 1,000,000 websites regarding suicide and information on how to kill oneself. Suicide is basically how a person gets encouraged to take his or her life. In simple terms, a person gets information on the easiest, fastest and may be painless methods that can be employed to kill his or herself. Internet is known to offer some advice on crude methods that can be used to kill oneself. The internet offers information as fast as possible and no one needs to know that you are intending to kill oneself. (Michel, 2000) Taking one’s life is usually a personal decision and internet offers personalized assistance. This is the main reason why many people turn to it when they require information on to how to commit suicide. Information can be accessed in the privacy of ones bedroom, cybercafes, or even in the office. No one needs to find out since it is silent advice though very powerful. Another reason why many people have turned to internet to seek information on how to commit suicide is availability of cheap and efficient internet networks and connections. To access internet is no longer an expensive or a cumbersome exercise. Besides that, one is assured that the information or advice given is confidential unless, of course, you divulge it to other people. (Michel, 2000) Young children and youth are usually the most curious lot and they always want to explore and find out more about what they hear. It is through such adventures, that they access information that has to do with suicide. There are some groups of people however who commit suicide without the intention of taking away their lives. It is only that curiosity gets the better of them. They try to experiment with the advice and information they get from internet oblivious of the deadly consequences. There were some children who committed suicide after they accessed information regarding Sadaam’s execution. This was a sad and unfortunate incident which can only be linked to cheap and available internet connections. (Etzersdorfer, 1998) Tackling the deaths which come as a result of internet connections is a challenging task. This is because there is no workable formula which has been devised so far to control the usage and internet access. Cybercafes are all over and people can always sneak in and browse some information and advice without anybody’s knowledge. It is becoming increasingly difficult to control people’s lives due to the increasing demands in the modern society. (Potter, 2000) Many organizations and institutions have subscribed to internet connections including homes. It is therefore not easy to control the usage of internet since it has also contributed to growth of other social economic and cultural factors. It also important to note that, the information contained in the websites cannot be easily censored. As a matter of fact, it has not been censored therefore, the amount of information that can be found in the internet cuts across the whole world. People are actually invited to comment or even add more information regarding suicide and therefore the people have more than enough methods of committing suicide to choose from. (Potter, 2000) Effects of Internet on Suicide The effects of internet on incidences of suicide are becoming overwhelming with every passing day. The report and incidents of suicide have been reported on the television, radio and even written on papers. (Phillips, 1974) The exposure of people on such media services has proved to have negative influences on the people exposed them. It has been reported that the people who are exposed to internet area more inclined to be involved in acts of suicide. There have been overwhelming and systematic reviews published by people and they reveal the saddening truth regarding incidents of suicide. For instance there have been manuals on suicide, literature and suicide and actual reports of suicides shown on the films. Despite the evidence from all these forms of media, the extent to which internet contributes to suicides is yet to be proved. (Baume, 1997) Most suicide cases are reported especially when the victims had collected very specific information on suicide. Such stories are portrayed prominently and dramatically. Internet has also led to mob psychology because the information collected can be distributed amongst friends. Many people have been reported to have committed suicide together in a group since the information was forwarded to each and every one of them. Most of the books and journals accessed on the internet have been easily trusted and exercised. The guidelines that a re presents are properly outlined and therefore they leave no doubt in the person accessing the information. (Etzersdorfer, 1998) The information appears to be given from a professional point of view. Besides that the methods portrayed are outlined in a procedural way and the degree of efficiency is seen to be very high False Advice Due to the increased reliance of people on information available on the internet, some authors have come up with false advice on the best and efficient procedures that one must follow to effectively commit suicide. Some people have been left paralyzed and mentally retarded after attempting suicide. This has been due to failed methods which did not achieve the end goal. (Potter, 2000) The information available has also been falsified and unsuspecting individuals go ahead to use the information since they have no means of checking the facts.

Risk Management Report

1. Introduction 1. Establish goals and context 2. Identify stakeholders (internal and external) 2. Risk Register 2. 1 Identify the Risks 2. 2 Analyse the Risks 2. 3 Likelihood, Consequences and Assessment Outcome of Risks 2. 4 Evaluate the Risks 3. Risk Treatments (Avoid; Reduce likelihood; Reduce consequences; transferring the risk; Retaining the risk) 1. Recommended Response and Impact 4. Implementation 4. 1 Proposed Actions 4. 2 Proposed Communication 4. 3 Responsibilities (Internal and External) 4. 4 Timing 4. 5 Resource requirements (funds, people, equipment etc) . Reporting and Monitoring 1. Introduction Risk Management is the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) process used by organisations to identify, assess and control risks by allocating resources. To minimise the probability and impact of hazardous events. The process allows for careful consideration of stakeholder’s comfort and enjoyment levels as well as identifying costs for resources. Strategies to manage risk include transferring the risk to other parties, avoid the risk, reducing the negative impact of the risk, and accepting any or all consequences of each risk. 1. Establish goals and context Each year, Hearing Exclusive Learning Centre offers a Christmas Party for its enrolled children. Their parents and volunteers, staff, board of management members and management are invited. Parents usually bring along guests who have not been specifically invited. Santa arrives by truck, parked outside the centre near to the road. We must minimise risks for the hearing impaired children and ensure everyone safely enjoys the event. 1. 2 Identify stakeholders Internal Volunteers Staff Board of Management Members Management Santa Sponsor’s TruckSponsor’s Truck Driver Hearing Exclusive Learning Centre’s Duty of Care External Parents Children Parent’s Guests 1. Risk Register The Risk Register records details of all the risks identified at the beginning and during the event. Their grading in terms of likelihood of occurring and seriousness of impact. Initial plans for mitigating each high level risk. The costs and responsibilities of the prescribed strategies and subsequent results. 2. 1 Identify the Risks in order of Importance (low to high) a. Risk of not enough BBQ equipment and food b. Risk of inappropriate behaviour by attendees . Risk of liability claims for non-disclosure of OHS to all stakeholders d. Risk of allergies/medical conditions e. Risk of getting burnt by hot exhaust pipe or BBQ food f. Risk of stressful noise g. Risk of getting food poisoning h. Risk of harm from the use of party supplies i. Risk of harm from rubbish j. Risk of injury from fights k. Risk of not enough staff to monitor at the event l. Risk of falling from activity or off the high truck cabin m. Risk of being run over by vehicle(s) n. Risk of child going missing 2. 2 Analyse the Risks Risk Table Likelihood |Consequences | | |Negligible Injury |First Aid Injury |Minor In jury |Major Injury |Fatality | |Very Likely |H |H |E |E |E | |Likely |M |H |H |E |E | |Possible |L |M |H |E |E | |Unlikely |L |L |M |H |E | |Highly Unlikely |L |L |M |H |H | Risk Assessment Outcome |E Extreme Risk |Immediate action required; notify supervisor and the HSR. If possible, the activity should | | |be ceased immediately |H High Risk |Notify supervisor and HSR and implement immediate action to minimize injury | |M Moderate Risk |Implement immediate action to minimize injury e. g. signage. Remedial action required within| | |five working days. | |L Low Risk |Remedial action within one month (if possible), supervisor attention required | 2. 3 The Likelihood, Consequences and Assessment Outcome of Risks for all Stakeholders: |a. Risk of not enough BBQ equipment and food |Consequences: | | |Low Risk with Negligible injury and Unlikely to occur. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Parents and Staff advised to bring a plate of food or drinks | | |to share if they can. | | |Cost $0 | |b. Risk of inappropriate behaviour by attendees |Consequences: | | |Low Risk with Negligible injury and Unlikely to occur. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire security and supervisor to warn and relocate people. | | |Cost $500 for security | |c. Risk of liability claims for non-disclosure of OHS to all |Consequences: | |stakeholders |High Risk with Negligible injury and Very likely to occur. | | | | |Outcome: | | |obtain consent forms including for photography | | |Parents and Staff advised to always control and take care of | | |children. Keep events within the fenced playground. Purchase | | |insurance to cover all risks identified. Provide regular | | |safety announcements. | | |Cost $3500 for insurance cover | |d. Risk of allergies/medical conditions |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Minor injury is Possible. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Obtain signed parental consent forms for each child and list | | |of medical conditions for attendees. Request those with | | |speci al diets bring their own meals or forward request to | | |caterer. Provide name tags with coloured dot for those with | | |conditions. Cost $10 for name tags | |e. Risk of getting burnt by hot exhaust pipe or BBQ food |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Minor injury is Possible. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Ask driver to turn off truck and make use of natural air | | |circulation. Have a place to meet Santa inside the | | |playground. Ensure everyone uses the correct utensils. | | |Cost $60 for utensils | |f.Risk of stressful noise |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire security and supervisor to warn and relocate everyone. | |g. Risk of getting food poisoning |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Have the centre’s nurse waiting to administer first aid and | | |notify paramedics to standby. Hire professional caterer to | | |provide and cook foods. Cost $1000-$2000 for cate rer and | | |paramedics | |h. Risk of harm from the use of party supplies |Consequences: | | High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire professionals to make balloons, face paint, hand out | | |party gifts, provide event planned | | |activities/banners/hosting/audio visual equipment/bands. | |Cost: $2000-$5000 for event planner and band | |i. Risk of harm from rubbish |Consequences: | | |High Risk of Major injury is Likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Hire trash management team using volunteers. Cost $100 | |j.Risk of injury from fights |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Major injury is Very likely. | | | | | |Outcome: | | |Use centre nurse, insurance cover and security. | |k. Risk of not enough staff to monitor incidents at the event|Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Major injury is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Parents and Staff advised to always control and take care of | | |children. Keep events within the fenced playgroun d. Provide | | |regular safety announcements. | | |Cost $35 for voice Amplifier | |l. Risk of falling from activity or off the high truck cabin |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Major injury is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |use centre's nurse for first aid and insurance cover by | | |filling in accident book when required. Only people with | | |appropriate footwear, clothing, sunscreen and head cover are | | |allowed entry by staff and volunteers. Place a secure ramp. | | |Cost $80 for wheelchair ramp | |m. Risk of being run over by vehicle(s) |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Fatality is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Drivers and pedestrians advised via sign posts and verbal | | |direction to go slow, avoid children and park far away from | | |fenced playground. | | |Cost $10 to apply & print signs | |n. Risk of child going missing |Consequences: | | |Extreme Risk of Fatality is Very likely. | | | | |Outcome: | | |Have timed sign in/out for ms for children being dropped off | | |and picked up as well as head counts before and after group | | |movement/activity. Cost $10 for forms | 2. 4 Evaluate the Risks The funds required to manage risks for the event is in the order of $11,305. The Board of Management will be required to approve those funds as soon as possible. Of highest risk is liability claims so safety announcements must be made regularly in all communications before and during the event. Therefore allowing for feedback and suggestions to be obtained on the protocols.Insurance cover must be purchased for the event. Other risks can be mitigated by hiring security, event professionals, nurse, having paramedics on standby, providing equipment and signs, having volunteers and parents bring food as well as keeping constant watch on the children. 2. Risk Treatments (Avoid; Reduce likelihood; Reduce consequences; transferring the risk; Retaining the risk) 2 weeks prior to BBQ, have staff meeting and allocate a superv isor to relocate the party repeatedly when necessary to quieten the stressful noises and/or situations. Allocate staff duties for obtaining supplies, contacts and communications with sponsors and parents in particular.Ensure staff is familiarised with OHS procedures for the event so they can provide safety announcements to everyone. As well as manage people before, during and after the event. Allocate staff to survey for feedback and suggestions; as well as approach the Board, parents, staff and sponsors for volunteers and funds. Check and approve the RSVP list, include any roles & responsibilities. 1 week prior,call & request that parents who RSVP for the BBQ volunteer their time and resources for the event. As well as bring a plate of food or drinks to share if they can. Make parents into paid staff if necessary via signed contracts. 4 days prior, hire security from network of staff or parents to be on alert, warn and/or request disruptors to leave the event. days prior, provide r amp to sponsor’s truck driver to use at event and ensure both driver and Santa is familiarised with OHS procedures. Ensure external staff is qualified and licenced to work with children. On day of event, ensure that staff knows the protocols for the truck driver, Santa, parents and children to keep everyone in line. Signs are posted and safety announcements made at regular intervals. Start hosting the event and allocate amplifier and communication equipment to staff. 3. 1 Recommended Response and Impact By developing a timed action plan in order to reduce, minimise, and isolate the exposure to risks. Ensuring all adults agreed to always control and take responsibility of the children ahead of the event.Ensuring the Sponsor driver and Santa is police checked and licensed to work with children. Check carefully over every thing via lists and contacts before the start of the event. By determining the importance of each risk. Analyse the frequency of exposure to the associated ris ks. By developing an evacuation and crowd control plan with staff. By communicating all procedures with staff. 4. Implementation Implementation follows all of the plans for mitigating the risks. Purchase insurance policies for the risks that have been decided to be transferred to an insurer. Avoiding all risks that can be avoided without sacrificing the organisation's goals. 4. 1 Proposed ActionsSet up meeting with the board of management to approve funding. Meeting with staff, management and volunteers for briefing of roles and responsibilities. Hire extra resources and/or professionals. Send out invitations. Obtain list of RSVP stakeholders and approve. Contact stakeholders for additional support. Purchase insurance coverage for the event. Ensure everything goes as planned via lists and contacts. Ensure banners, signs are placed and professionals are ready to cover the event. Provide staff and volunteers with survey forms and equipment. Organise parent teacher meeting for after ev ent reporting and feedback. Obtain final report from supervisor.Include recommendations into the following event planning and timing. 4. 2 Proposed Communication Email staff, parents and management via memos and newsletters. Call everyone to follow up on their roles, responsibilities and ensure attendances. Make calls to hire, appointments to approve and sign contracts with professionals; including purchasing insurance coverage for the event. Call or radio personnel at event to maintain an alerted net of safety. Email, call and or post thank you letters and invite to post event feedback. Email, call supervisor for reporting and or meeting. Email management the final planning proposal for the next event. 4. 3 Responsibilities (Internal and External)Management- ensure all funding is provided, lists and plans are in place. Including insurance, hiring, contracts, appointments, equipment and venues are appropriate. Communicate via memos, newsletters and calls to action. Staff- supervisor to take charge of everyone on day of event and all survey reporting. Volunteers- assist staff and parents with their responsibilities. Hired Professionals- provide equipment and services before and during event. Sponsor Driver- use safety equipment and performs role responsibly as instructed by staff. Santa- ensure kids and parents are all happy with his role. Parents- take responsibility of the children and offer any support required on day of event. 4. 4 Timing Before event:Send out invitations 1 months prior. Have RSVP list of names, roles and responsibilities ready for staff meeting 2 weeks prior. Hire all external staff 2 weeks prior to event on signed contracts; including volunteers. Ensure they are qualified and licenced to work with children. Ensure insurance is purchased to cover all equipments, planned events and catering are all in place and ready to go 1 week prior. Ensure everything goes according to plan via lists and contacts within the week leading into the event. D uring event: Place signs and handout flyers of the event timetable. Ensure everyone is allocated their places and equipment, roles and responsibilities.Ensure staff makes regular safety checks and announcements according to plan. Fills out attendance sign in/out forms and accident book when required. That only people with appropriate footwear, clothing, sunscreen and head cover are allowed entry. Ensure all hired professionals perform in a satisfactory manner. Ensure hosting and activities are on time and obtain feedback of satisfaction levels. After event: Hold parent teacher meeting within 1week. The supervisor was to analyse results of surveys and monitoring of effective and ineffective procedures from the event. During the meeting, supervisor reports on effective, ineffective protocols and their impact on enjoyment.All stakeholders can also provide additional inputs; which will be noted by the supervisor. Helpful suggestions can be implemented as additional notes to the report. Include the report in the Risk Register file. 4. 5 Resource requirements (funds, people, equipment, etc. ) In addition to staff, volunteers, parents and children, sponsor driver and Santa, equipments, planning and catering for the event. Internet, mobile phones and/or walkie talkies, office equipment and supplies are required to contact, communicate and disperse people & equipments for the event. The centre's resources are already equipped to provide these points of call. 5. Reporting and MonitoringAll stakeholders are invited to provide feedback and suggestions before, during and after the event to make the party an enjoyable experience for everyone involved. The supervisor is to gather, analyse and report on survey results from staff. The report can be communicated to all stakeholders in a parent teacher meeting 1 week after the event. Of importance is highlighting all effective and ineffective protocols, with emphasis on safety. The effect that stakeholders felt the safety protoc ols had on their enjoyment is also required. The final report would be included into the Risk Register. Implement the effective procedures into next year’s christmas party plan and timing sheets. With emphasis on avoiding or minimising the ineffective.

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Summary of Tatars Text - Essay Example The frustration in her heart infuriates her and gets her to the pavements along the streets. As she fantasizes on the best and desired life out of punishment and maltreatment by the dad, she gets into visions. The visions were linked to the effects of the condition she was in, hypothermia, but some counted real. She sees her grandmother in the tale as the only person who cared and never mistreated her in her life. And this has been part of her greatest desires ever in this irritating lifestyle. The conditions set for her going back home from the streets where she sold the matchboxes deprived her of any good reason to live under the sun. This forms the basis of her fantasies (Behrens and Rosen, 296-297). The frustration of the imagination of the situation of how it could be at home when she gets home without selling the expected amount of boxes gets her down into deep fantasies. She gets down onto a place within the street where she lights the matches as she visions her situation and links it to the desires that she wants to happen in her life. She lights her matches as she sees the Christmas tree as gorgeous and appealing to the soul. She then sees a falling star from the skies and this reminds her of the story the grandmother told her before she died. It was a signal that a person would die and was to be in heaven in a happy life. Of course, this is what she desires for. This thought of someone important dying and going to heaven does not scare her, and she surges on to light the next matchstick.

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What is Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is Language - Essay Example This essay will look into Smith and Wilson’s theory of what a language is, and their arguments on the idea that language is rule-governed. What is a Language? There have been a number of definitions on what a language is and in each definition, there is an aspect that points out language is rule-governed. This is where Neil Smith and Deidre Wilson come in to justify the claim that language is governed by rules. Language uses the concept of grammar. Grammar is a set of rules whose main tasks are to separate grammatically from ungrammatical sentences and to provide a description of grammatical sentences. Individuals who are fluent in a particular language often correct themselves when they make mistakes in grammar while talking even when no one has corrected them (Smith and Deirdre 327). A language speaker will also feel and know when someone from a different language makes a mistake in grammar when trying to speak his language. For example, an American will feel and know the mi stake when a German pronounces the word ‘what’ as ‘vat’. When two speakers of different dialects of the same language meet and talk, each will feel the other one is making grammatical mistakes in their sentences and would want to correct them but out of politeness will keep away from correcting the other. A speaker of British English will for example see a fault in a sentence like ‘I done gone to school’. He will feel like the sentence is supposed to be ‘I had gone to school’. The speaker of the other English dialect will similarly feel that the British English speaker’s sentence needs some correcting. This not only shows that languages have a set of rules that they follow but it also shows that these rules do differ (Smith and Deirdre 327). Rules can be created and operated by a single individual easily. There are two such instances in language. One of them is when children are learning how to speak and the case of grownups with idiosyncratic speech patterns. Kids learning their first language often make their own rules on how they pronounce the words and how their sentence structure should be. These rules are more often than not wrong according to the adults but to them they cannot be more right. An instance of such a grammar rule is when a child asks: mummy what that was? Instead of: mummy what was that? Adults on the other hand could have a difference in their linguistic rules (Smith and Deirdre 329). A sentence like ‘’what did you want to do before going out’’ might seem wrong to another individual. People who have also suffered a brain damage and consequently suffered aphasia or speech loss also fall in this category of creating their own rules. This results in the construction of sentences that are ungrammatical pronounce words in the wrong way (Smith and Deirdre 330). Rules’ patterns cannot be reversed and still have the same meaning. Sometimes they become mean ingless when reversed. The same applies to language. A pattern of a sentence construction loses its meaning or becomes meaningless when changed. A sentence like ‘’we ate the food ourselves’’ when changed to ‘’ourselves ate the food we’’ it becomes meaningless though the words are still the same. Therefore, like rules, language pattern loses its meaning when changed (Smith and Deirdre 332). Like rules, language has a feature of being universal (Smith and Deirdre 337). There is a striking similarity in the language that cuts across all language patterns of the globe. The pattern of a sentence structure of different languages pointing out to the same thing will have almost of not exactly the same pattern when all of them are translated into one language. A sentence like â€Å"